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The Kaohsiung Incident also known as the Formosa Incident, the Meilidao Incident or the Formosa Magazine incident 〔〔Copper, John Franklin. () (2003). Taiwan: Nation-State Or Province?. Westview Press Taiwan. ISBN 0-8133-4069-1.〕 was the result of pro-democracy demonstrations that occurred in Kaohsiung, Taiwan on December 10, 1979. The incident occurred when Formosa Magazine, headed by veteran opposition Legislative Yuan Legislator Huang Shin-chieh (黃信介), and other opposition politicians held a demonstration commemorating Human Rights Day in an effort to promote and demand democracy in Taiwan.〔 〕 At that time, the Republic of China was a one-party state and the government used this protest as an excuse to arrest the main leaders of the political opposition. The Kaohsiung Incident is well-recognized as a critical and important event in the post-war history of Taiwan and regarded as the watershed of the Taiwan democratization movements.〔Tang, Chih-Chieh (2007). ''Taiwanese Sociology'', 13, 71-128. ("勢不可免的衝突：從結構／過程的辯證看美麗島事件之發生" ) 〕 The event had the effect of galvanizing the Taiwanese community into political actions and regarded as one of the events that eventually led to democracy in Taiwan. == Background == From 1949 until the 1990s, Taiwan was effectively a one party state under the rule of the Kuomintang (abbreviated as KMT). During the late 1970s many opponents of the KMT seeking democracy gradually organized themselves as an opposition camp, after the establishment of the magazine ''Taiwan Political Review'' by one of its active members, Kang Ning-Siang, in 1975. These opponents called themselves "Tangwai", literally meaning "outside the party".〔Feng, Chien-san (1995). The Dissident Media in Post-War Taiwan: From Political Magazine to "Underground Radio". ''Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies'', 20, 177-234. ("異議媒體的停滯與流變之初探：從政論雜誌到地下電台" )〕 In its 5th edition it published an article on December 27, 1976 titled “Two States of Mind—An Evening Discussion with Fou Cong and Professor Liou” which resulted in the revocation of the publisher’s license. In the 1977 election, Tangwai expanded support significantly and won more seats than it did in previous elections. The outcome of the election manifested the potentiality of Tangwai as a quasi-opposition party to the ruling KMT and laid the ground for the ensuing mass movement.〔 On December 16, 1978, U.S. President Jimmy Carter announced that the U.S. would sever its official relationship with the Republic of China as of January 1, 1979. It was the most serious challenge to the Taiwan government since it lost its seat at the United Nations to the People's Republic of China in 1971.〔Chen, Fupian (2007). The development of public opinion during "The Formosa Arrest"—With an Analysis of the Main-stream Print Media. ''Taiwan Historical Research'', 14(1), 191-230. (““美麗島大逮捕”前後國內輿論情勢之發展―以主流平面媒體爲主的分析” )〕 President Chiang Ching-kuo immediately postponed all elections without a definite deadline for its restoration. Tangwai, which had won steadily expanding support, was strongly frustrated and disappointed about Chiang’s decision since it suspended the only legitimate method they could use to express their opinions.〔〔 The leader of Tangwai, Huang Shin-chieh, and his comrades soon petitioned the KMT government for the restoration of elections, but it declined the petition. On January 21, 1979, the KMT arrested Yu Deng-fa, one of the most prestigious Tangwai leaders, and his son with the intentional false accusation of doing propaganda for the Chinese Communist Party.〔 Tangwai regarded the arrest of Yu as a signal of complete suppression and decided to make a last-ditch effort by holding radical demonstrations on the street,〔 resulting in the escalating conflict between the conservative KMT and Tangwai.〔Cheng, Tun-jen. 1989. (Democratizing the Quasi-Leninist Regime in Taiwan ). ''World Politics'', 61(4), 471-499.〕 In May, 1979, Formosa Magazine was established by Huang Shin-chieh aiming at consolidating Tangwai members. On August 16, 1979, the 1st edition was published under the title "Joint Promotion of the New Generation’s Political Movements". The initial issue sold out all of its 25,000 copies, the 2nd and 3rd issues sold almost 100,000 copies, and the 4th issue sold more than 110,000. On October 17, 1979, a meeting of 22 Kuomintang security agencies adopted a proposal to ban the magazine after a protest from the South Korean Embassy over an article in the 2nd issue titled "Unveil the Myth of the Korean Economic Miracle" (揭發韓國經濟奇蹟的神話).〔 Tangwai held many public gatherings and protests without official permission since its first publication. The KMT only showed its symbolic power such as sending out police in riot gear without suppressing the gatherings for these meetings, and the inaction led to Tangwai's belief in its own power and stuck to the radical approach.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaohsiung Incident」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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